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Movie (from Witkowski's lab) of ventricular fibrillation.
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Normal propagation following a stimulus applied at the apex of the ventricles.
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Another view of normal waves. Here the stimulus was applied to the endocardial wall of the left ventricle.
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Wave pattern (a single spiral) on the ventricular surface, during monomorphic tachycardia.
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Ionic column from the Temple of Artemus, Sardis.
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Ventricular cross section showing reentrant activity (a scroll) during monomorphic tachycardia.
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View of the three dimensional structure of a single scroll wave.
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Scroll wave reentrant pattern on the surface of the ventricles, and on cut-away section.
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Transparent view of scroll wave.
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Surface view of fibrillation.
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One possible mechanism for wave instability and spiral formation.
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Transparent view of spiral breakup and fibrillation.
