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Calc Summary

This section includes a complete list of Calc 2.02 keystroke commands. Each line lists the stack entries used by the command (top-of-stack last), the keystrokes themselves, the prompts asked by the command, and the result of the command (also with top-of-stack last). The result is expressed using the equivalent algebraic function. Commands which put no results on the stack show the full M-x command name in that position. Numbers preceding the result or command name refer to notes at the end.

Algebraic functions and M-x commands that don't have corresponding keystrokes are not listed in this summary. See section Index of Calculator Commands. See section Index of Algebraic Functions.

@begingroup @let=@sumsep @let@r=@sumrow @catcode`@(=@active @let(=@sumlpar @catcode`@)=@active @let)=@sumrpar @catcode`@,=@active @let,=@sumcomma @catcode`!=@active @let!=@sumexcl

@advance@baselineskip-2.5pt
@let@tt@ninett
@let@c@sumbreak
            M-# a                   33  calc-embedded-activate
            M-# b                       calc-big-or-small
            M-# c                       calc
            M-# d                       calc-embedded-duplicate
            M-# e                   34  calc-embedded
            M-# f  formula              calc-embedded-new-formula
            M-# g                   35  calc-grab-region
            M-# i                       calc-info
            M-# j                       calc-embedded-select
            M-# k                       calc-keypad
            M-# l                       calc-load-everything
            M-# m                       read-kbd-macro
            M-# n                    4  calc-embedded-next
            M-# o                       calc-other-window
            M-# p                    4  calc-embedded-previous
            M-# q  formula              quick-calc
            M-# r                   36  calc-grab-rectangle
            M-# s                       calc-info-summary
            M-# t                       calc-tutorial
            M-# u                       calc-embedded-update
            M-# w                       calc-embedded-word
            M-# x                       calc-quit
            M-# y              1,28,49  calc-copy-to-buffer
            M-# z                       calc-user-invocation
            M-# :                   36  calc-grab-sum-down
            M-# _                   36  calc-grab-sum-across
            M-# `  editing          30  calc-embedded-edit
            M-# 0  (zero)               calc-reset
 
             0-9   number               number
             .     number               0.number
             _     number               -number
             e     number               1e number
             #     number               current-radix#number
             P     (in number)          +/-
             M     (in number)          mod
             @ ' "   (in number)        HMS form
             h m s   (in number)        HMS form

             '     formula       37,46  formula
             $     formula       37,46  $formula
             "     string        37,46  string
 
    a b      +                       2  add(a,b)  a+b
    a b      -                       2  sub(a,b)  a-b
    a b      *                       2  mul(a,b)  a b, a*b
    a b      /                       2  div(a,b)  a/b
    a b      ^                       2  pow(a,b)  a^b
    a b    I ^                       2  nroot(a,b)  a^(1/b)
    a b      %                       2  mod(a,b)  a%b
    a b      \                       2  idiv(a,b)  a\b
    a b      :                       2  fdiv(a,b)
    a b      |                       2  vconcat(a,b)  a|b
    a b    I |                          vconcat(b,a)  b|a
    a b    H |                       2  append(a,b)
    a b  I H |                          append(b,a)
      a      &                       1  inv(a)  1/a
      a      !                       1  fact(a)  a!
      a      =                       1  evalv(a)
      a      M-%                        percent(a)  a%
 
  ... a      RET                     1  ... a a
  ... a      SPC                     1  ... a a
... a b      TAB                     3  ... b a
. a b c      M-TAB                   3  ... b c a
... a b      LFD                     1  ... a b a
  ... a      DEL                     1  ...
... a b      M-DEL                   1  ... b
             M-RET                   4  calc-last-args
      a      `     editing        1,30  calc-edit
 
  ... a      C-d                     1  ...
             C-k                    27  calc-kill
             C-w                    27  calc-kill-region
             C-y                        calc-yank
             C-_                     4  calc-undo
             M-k                    27  calc-copy-as-kill
             M-w                    27  calc-copy-region-as-kill
 
             [                          [...
[.. a b      ]                          [a,b]
             (                          (...
(.. a b      )                          (a,b)
             ,                          vector or rect complex
             ;                          matrix or polar complex
             ..                         interval

             ~                          calc-num-prefix
             <                       4  calc-scroll-left
             >                       4  calc-scroll-right
             {                       4  calc-scroll-down
             }                       4  calc-scroll-up
             ?                          calc-help
 
      a      n                       1  neg(a)  -a
             o                       4  calc-realign
             p     precision        31  calc-precision
             q                          calc-quit
             w                          calc-why
             x     command              M-x calc-command
      a      y                 1,28,49  calc-copy-to-buffer
 
      a      A                       1  abs(a)
    a b      B                       2  log(a,b)
    a b    I B                       2  alog(a,b)  b^a
      a      C                       1  cos(a)
      a    I C                       1  arccos(a)
      a    H C                       1  cosh(a)
      a  I H C                       1  arccosh(a)
             D                       4  calc-redo
      a      E                       1  exp(a)
      a    H E                       1  exp10(a)  10.^a
      a      F                    1,11  floor(a,d)
      a    I F                    1,11  ceil(a,d)
      a    H F                    1,11  ffloor(a,d)
      a  I H F                    1,11  fceil(a,d)
      a      G                       1  arg(a)
             H     command          32  Hyperbolic
             I     command          32  Inverse
      a      J                       1  conj(a)
             K     command          32  Keep-args
      a      L                       1  ln(a)
      a    H L                       1  log10(a)
             M                          calc-more-recursion-depth
           I M                          calc-less-recursion-depth
      a      N                       5  evalvn(a)
             P                          pi
           I P                          gamma
           H P                          e
         I H P                          phi
      a      Q                       1  sqrt(a)
      a    I Q                       1  sqr(a)  a^2
      a      R                    1,11  round(a,d)
      a    I R                    1,11  trunc(a,d)
      a    H R                    1,11  fround(a,d)
      a  I H R                    1,11  ftrunc(a,d)
      a      S                       1  sin(a)
      a    I S                       1  arcsin(a)
      a    H S                       1  sinh(a)
      a  I H S                       1  arcsinh(a)
      a      T                       1  tan(a)
      a    I T                       1  arctan(a)
      a    H T                       1  tanh(a)
      a  I H T                       1  arctanh(a)
             U                       4  calc-undo
             X                       4  calc-call-last-kbd-macro
 
    a b      a =                     2  eq(a,b)  a=b
    a b      a #                     2  neq(a,b)  a!=b
    a b      a <                     2  lt(a,b)  a<b
    a b      a >                     2  gt(a,b)  a>b
    a b      a [                     2  leq(a,b)  a<=b
    a b      a ]                     2  geq(a,b)  a>=b
    a b      a {                     2  in(a,b)
    a b      a &                  2,45  land(a,b)  a&&b
    a b      a |                  2,45  lor(a,b)  a||b
      a      a !                  1,45  lnot(a)  !a
  a b c      a :                    45  if(a,b,c)  a?b:c
      a      a .                     1  rmeq(a)
      a      a "                   7,8  calc-expand-formula
 
      a      a +   i, l, h        6,38  sum(a,i,l,h)
      a      a -   i, l, h        6,38  asum(a,i,l,h)
      a      a *   i, l, h        6,38  prod(a,i,l,h)
    a b      a _                     2  subscr(a,b)  a_b
 
    a b      a \                     2  pdiv(a,b)
    a b      a %                     2  prem(a,b)
    a b      a /                     2  pdivrem(a,b)  [q,r]
    a b    H a /                     2  pdivide(a,b)  q+r/b
 
      a      a a                     1  apart(a)
      a      a b   old, new         38  subst(a,old,new)
      a      a c   v                38  collect(a,v)
      a      a d   v              4,38  deriv(a,v)
      a    H a d   v              4,38  tderiv(a,v)
      a      a e                        esimplify(a)
      a      a f                     1  factor(a)
      a    H a f                     1  factors(a)
    a b      a g                     2  pgcd(a,b)
      a      a i   v                38  integ(a,v)
      a      a m   pats             38  match(a,pats)
      a    I a m   pats             38  matchnot(a,pats)
 data x      a p                    28  polint(data,x)
 data x    H a p                    28  ratint(data,x)
      a      a n                     1  nrat(a)
      a      a r   rules        4,8,38  rewrite(a,rules,n)
      a      a s                        simplify(a)
      a      a t   v, n          31,39  taylor(a,v,n)
      a      a v                   7,8  calc-alg-evaluate
      a      a x                   4,8  expand(a)
 
   data      a F   model, vars      48  fit(m,iv,pv,data)
   data    I a F   model, vars      48  xfit(m,iv,pv,data)
   data    H a F   model, vars      48  efit(m,iv,pv,data)
      a      a I   v, l, h          38  ninteg(a,v,l,h)
    a b      a M   op               22  mapeq(op,a,b)
    a b    I a M   op               22  mapeqr(op,a,b)
    a b    H a M   op               22  mapeqp(op,a,b)
    a g      a N   v                38  minimize(a,v,g)
    a g    H a N   v                38  wminimize(a,v,g)
      a      a P   v                38  roots(a,v)
    a g      a R   v                38  root(a,v,g)
    a g    H a R   v                38  wroot(a,v,g)
      a      a S   v                38  solve(a,v)
      a    I a S   v                38  finv(a,v)
      a    H a S   v                38  fsolve(a,v)
      a  I H a S   v                38  ffinv(a,v)
      a      a T   i, l, h        6,38  table(a,i,l,h)
    a g      a X   v                38  maximize(a,v,g)
    a g    H a X   v                38  wmaximize(a,v,g)
 
    a b      b a                     9  and(a,b,w)
      a      b c                     9  clip(a,w)
    a b      b d                     9  diff(a,b,w)
      a      b l                    10  lsh(a,n,w)
    a n    H b l                     9  lsh(a,n,w)
      a      b n                     9  not(a,w)
    a b      b o                     9  or(a,b,w)
      v      b p                     1  vpack(v)
      a      b r                    10  rsh(a,n,w)
    a n    H b r                     9  rsh(a,n,w)
      a      b t                    10  rot(a,n,w)
    a n    H b t                     9  rot(a,n,w)
      a      b u                     1  vunpack(a)
             b w   w              9,50  calc-word-size
    a b      b x                     9  xor(a,b,w)
 
c s l p      b D                        ddb(c,s,l,p)
  r n p      b F                        fv(r,n,p)
  r n p    I b F                        fvb(r,n,p)
  r n p    H b F                        fvl(r,n,p)
      v      b I                    19  irr(v)
      v    I b I                    19  irrb(v)
      a      b L                    10  ash(a,n,w)
    a n    H b L                     9  ash(a,n,w)
  r n a      b M                        pmt(r,n,a)
  r n a    I b M                        pmtb(r,n,a)
  r n a    H b M                        pmtl(r,n,a)
    r v      b N                    19  npv(r,v)
    r v    I b N                    19  npvb(r,v)
  r n p      b P                        pv(r,n,p)
  r n p    I b P                        pvb(r,n,p)
  r n p    H b P                        pvl(r,n,p)
      a      b R                    10  rash(a,n,w)
    a n    H b R                     9  rash(a,n,w)
  c s l      b S                        sln(c,s,l)
  n p a      b T                        rate(n,p,a)
  n p a    I b T                        rateb(n,p,a)
  n p a    H b T                        ratel(n,p,a)
c s l p      b Y                        syd(c,s,l,p)

  r p a      b #                        nper(r,p,a)
  r p a    I b #                        nperb(r,p,a)
  r p a    H b #                        nperl(r,p,a)
    a b      b %                        relch(a,b)
 
      a      c c                     5  pclean(a,p)
      a      c 0-9                      pclean(a,p)
      a    H c c                     5  clean(a,p)
      a    H c 0-9                      clean(a,p)
      a      c d                     1  deg(a)
      a      c f                     1  pfloat(a)
      a    H c f                     1  float(a)
      a      c h                     1  hms(a)
      a      c p                        polar(a)
      a    I c p                        rect(a)
      a      c r                     1  rad(a)
 
      a      c F                     5  pfrac(a,p)
      a    H c F                     5  frac(a,p)
 
      a      c %                        percent(a*100)
 
             d .   char             50  calc-point-char
             d ,   char             50  calc-group-char
             d <                 13,50  calc-left-justify
             d =                 13,50  calc-center-justify
             d >                 13,50  calc-right-justify
             d {   label            50  calc-left-label
             d }   label            50  calc-right-label
             d [                     4  calc-truncate-up
             d ]                     4  calc-truncate-down
             d "                 12,50  calc-display-strings
             d SPC                      calc-refresh
             d RET                   1  calc-refresh-top
 
             d 0                    50  calc-decimal-radix
             d 2                    50  calc-binary-radix
             d 6                    50  calc-hex-radix
             d 8                    50  calc-octal-radix
 
             d b              12,13,50  calc-line-breaking
             d c                    50  calc-complex-notation
             d d   format           50  calc-date-notation
             d e                  5,50  calc-eng-notation
             d f   num           31,50  calc-fix-notation
             d g              12,13,50  calc-group-digits
             d h   format           50  calc-hms-notation
             d i                    50  calc-i-notation
             d j                    50  calc-j-notation
             d l                 12,50  calc-line-numbering
             d n                  5,50  calc-normal-notation
             d o   format           50  calc-over-notation
             d p                 12,50  calc-show-plain
             d r   radix         31,50  calc-radix
             d s                  5,50  calc-sci-notation
             d t                    27  calc-truncate-stack
             d w                 12,13  calc-auto-why
             d z                 12,50  calc-leading-zeros
 
             d B                    50  calc-big-language
             d C                    50  calc-c-language
             d E                    50  calc-eqn-language
             d F                    50  calc-fortran-language
             d M                    50  calc-mathematica-language
             d N                    50  calc-normal-language
             d O                    50  calc-flat-language
             d P                    50  calc-pascal-language
             d T                    50  calc-tex-language
             d U                    50  calc-unformatted-language
             d W                    50  calc-maple-language
 
      a      f [                     4  decr(a,n)
      a      f ]                     4  incr(a,n)
 
    a b      f b                     2  beta(a,b)
      a      f e                     1  erf(a)
      a    I f e                     1  erfc(a)
      a      f g                     1  gamma(a)
    a b      f h                     2  hypot(a,b)
      a      f i                     1  im(a)
    n a      f j                     2  besJ(n,a)
    a b      f n                     2  min(a,b)
      a      f r                     1  re(a)
      a      f s                     1  sign(a)
    a b      f x                     2  max(a,b)
    n a      f y                     2  besY(n,a)
 
      a      f A                     1  abssqr(a)
  x a b      f B                        betaI(x,a,b)
  x a b    H f B                        betaB(x,a,b)
      a      f E                     1  expm1(a)
    a x      f G                     2  gammaP(a,x)
    a x    I f G                     2  gammaQ(a,x)
    a x    H f G                     2  gammag(a,x)
    a x  I H f G                     2  gammaG(a,x)
    a b      f I                     2  ilog(a,b)
    a b    I f I                     2  alog(a,b)  b^a
      a      f L                     1  lnp1(a)
      a      f M                     1  mant(a)
      a      f Q                     1  isqrt(a)
      a    I f Q                     1  sqr(a)  a^2
    a n      f S                     2  scf(a,n)
    y x      f T                        arctan2(y,x)
      a      f X                     1  xpon(a)
 
    x y      g a                 28,40  calc-graph-add
             g b                    12  calc-graph-border
             g c                        calc-graph-clear
             g d                    41  calc-graph-delete
    x y      g f                 28,40  calc-graph-fast
             g g                    12  calc-graph-grid
             g h   title                calc-graph-header
             g j                     4  calc-graph-juggle
             g k                    12  calc-graph-key
             g l                    12  calc-graph-log-x
             g n   name                 calc-graph-name
             g p                    42  calc-graph-plot
             g q                        calc-graph-quit
             g r   range                calc-graph-range-x
             g s                 12,13  calc-graph-line-style
             g t   title                calc-graph-title-x
             g v                        calc-graph-view-commands
             g x   display              calc-graph-display
             g z                    12  calc-graph-zero-x
 
  x y z      g A                 28,40  calc-graph-add-3d
             g C   command              calc-graph-command
             g D   device        43,44  calc-graph-device
  x y z      g F                 28,40  calc-graph-fast-3d
             g H                    12  calc-graph-hide
             g K                        calc-graph-kill
             g L                    12  calc-graph-log-y
             g N   number        43,51  calc-graph-num-points
             g O   filename      43,44  calc-graph-output
             g P                    42  calc-graph-print
             g R   range                calc-graph-range-y
             g S                 12,13  calc-graph-point-style
             g T   title                calc-graph-title-y
             g V                        calc-graph-view-trail
             g X   format               calc-graph-geometry
             g Z                    12  calc-graph-zero-y
 
             g C-l                  12  calc-graph-log-z
             g C-r range                calc-graph-range-z
             g C-t title                calc-graph-title-z
 
             h b                        calc-describe-bindings
             h c   key                  calc-describe-key-briefly
             h f   function             calc-describe-function
             h h                        calc-full-help
             h i                        calc-info
             h k   key                  calc-describe-key
             h n                        calc-view-news
             h s                        calc-info-summary
             h t                        calc-tutorial
             h v   var                  calc-describe-variable
 
             j 1-9                      calc-select-part
             j RET                  27  calc-copy-selection
             j DEL                  27  calc-del-selection
             j '   formula          27  calc-enter-selection
             j `   editing       27,30  calc-edit-selection
             j "                  7,27  calc-sel-expand-formula
 
             j +   formula          27  calc-sel-add-both-sides
             j -   formula          27  calc-sel-sub-both-sides
             j *   formula          27  calc-sel-mul-both-sides
             j /   formula          27  calc-sel-div-both-sides
             j &                    27  calc-sel-invert
 
             j a                    27  calc-select-additional
             j b                    12  calc-break-selections
             j c                        calc-clear-selections
             j d                 12,50  calc-show-selections
             j e                    12  calc-enable-selections
             j l                  4,27  calc-select-less
             j m                  4,27  calc-select-more
             j n                     4  calc-select-next
             j o                  4,27  calc-select-once
             j p                     4  calc-select-previous
             j r   rules        4,8,27  calc-rewrite-selection
             j s                  4,27  calc-select-here
             j u                    27  calc-unselect
             j v                  7,27  calc-sel-evaluate
 
             j C                    27  calc-sel-commute
             j D                  4,27  calc-sel-distribute
             j E                    27  calc-sel-jump-equals
             j I                    27  calc-sel-isolate
           H j I                    27  calc-sel-isolate (full)
             j L                  4,27  calc-commute-left
             j M                    27  calc-sel-merge
             j N                    27  calc-sel-negate
             j O                  4,27  calc-select-once-maybe
             j R                  4,27  calc-commute-right
             j S                  4,27  calc-select-here-maybe
             j U                    27  calc-sel-unpack
 
             k a                        calc-random-again
      n      k b                     1  bern(n)
    n x    H k b                     2  bern(n,x)
    n m      k c                     2  choose(n,m)
    n m    H k c                     2  perm(n,m)
      n      k d                     1  dfact(n)  n!!
      n      k e                     1  euler(n)
    n x    H k e                     2  euler(n,x)
      n      k f                     4  prfac(n)
    n m      k g                     2  gcd(n,m)
    m n      k h                    14  shuffle(n,m)
    n m      k l                     2  lcm(n,m)
      n      k m                     1  moebius(n)
      n      k n                     4  nextprime(n)
      n    I k n                     4  prevprime(n)
      n      k p                  4,28  calc-prime-test
      m      k r                    14  random(m)
    n m      k s                     2  stir1(n,m)
    n m    H k s                     2  stir2(n,m)
      n      k t                     1  totient(n)
 
  n p x      k B                        utpb(x,n,p)
  n p x    I k B                        ltpb(x,n,p)
    v x      k C                        utpc(x,v)
    v x    I k C                        ltpc(x,v)
    n m      k E                        egcd(n,m)
v1 v2 x      k F                        utpf(x,v1,v2)
v1 v2 x    I k F                        ltpf(x,v1,v2)
  m s x      k N                        utpn(x,m,s)
  m s x    I k N                        ltpn(x,m,s)
    m x      k P                        utpp(x,m)
    m x    I k P                        ltpp(x,m)
    v x      k T                        utpt(x,v)
    v x    I k T                        ltpt(x,v)
 
             m a                 12,13  calc-algebraic-mode
             m d                        calc-degrees-mode
             m f                    12  calc-frac-mode
             m g                    52  calc-get-modes
             m h                        calc-hms-mode
             m i                 12,13  calc-infinite-mode
             m m                        calc-save-modes
             m p                    12  calc-polar-mode
             m r                        calc-radians-mode
             m s                    12  calc-symbolic-mode
             m t                    12  calc-total-algebraic-mode
             m v                 12,13  calc-matrix-mode
             m w                    13  calc-working
             m x                        calc-always-load-extensions
 
             m A                    12  calc-alg-simplify-mode
             m B                    12  calc-bin-simplify-mode
             m C                    12  calc-auto-recompute
             m D                        calc-default-simplify-mode
             m E                    12  calc-ext-simplify-mode
             m F   filename         13  calc-settings-file-name
             m N                    12  calc-num-simplify-mode
             m O                    12  calc-no-simplify-mode
             m R                 12,13  calc-mode-record-mode
             m S                    12  calc-shift-prefix
             m U                    12  calc-units-simplify-mode
 
             s c   var1, var2       29  calc-copy-variable
             s d   var, decl            calc-declare-variable
             s e   var, editing  29,30  calc-edit-variable
             s i   buffer               calc-insert-variables
    a b      s l   var              29  a  (letting var=b)
  a ...      s m   op, var       22,29  calc-store-map
             s n   var           29,47  calc-store-neg  (v/-1)
             s p   var              29  calc-permanent-variable
             s r   var              29  v  (recalled value)
             r 0-9                      calc-recall-quick
      a      s s   var           28,29  calc-store
      a      s 0-9                      calc-store-quick
      a      s t   var              29  calc-store-into
      a      t 0-9                      calc-store-into-quick
             s u   var              29  calc-unstore
      a      s x   var              29  calc-store-exchange
 
             s A   editing          30  calc-edit-AlgSimpRules
             s D   editing          30  calc-edit-Decls
             s E   editing          30  calc-edit-EvalRules
             s F   editing          30  calc-edit-FitRules
             s G   editing          30  calc-edit-GenCount
             s H   editing          30  calc-edit-Holidays
             s I   editing          30  calc-edit-IntegLimit
             s L   editing          30  calc-edit-LineStyles
             s P   editing          30  calc-edit-PointStyles
             s R   editing          30  calc-edit-PlotRejects
             s T   editing          30  calc-edit-TimeZone
             s U   editing          30  calc-edit-Units
             s X   editing          30  calc-edit-ExtSimpRules
 
      a      s +   var           29,47  calc-store-plus  (v+a)
      a      s -   var           29,47  calc-store-minus  (v-a)
      a      s *   var           29,47  calc-store-times  (v*a)
      a      s /   var           29,47  calc-store-div  (v/a)
      a      s ^   var           29,47  calc-store-power  (v^a)
      a      s |   var           29,47  calc-store-concat  (v|a)
             s &   var           29,47  calc-store-inv  (v^-1)
             s [   var           29,47  calc-store-decr  (v-1)
             s ]   var           29,47  calc-store-incr  (v-(-1))
    a b      s :                     2  assign(a,b)  a := b
      a      s =                     1  evalto(a,b)  a =>
 
             t [                     4  calc-trail-first
             t ]                     4  calc-trail-last
             t <                     4  calc-trail-scroll-left
             t >                     4  calc-trail-scroll-right
             t .                    12  calc-full-trail-vectors
 
             t b                     4  calc-trail-backward
             t d                 12,50  calc-trail-display
             t f                     4  calc-trail-forward
             t h                        calc-trail-here
             t i                        calc-trail-in
             t k                     4  calc-trail-kill
             t m   string               calc-trail-marker
             t n                     4  calc-trail-next
             t o                        calc-trail-out
             t p                     4  calc-trail-previous
             t r   string               calc-trail-isearch-backward
             t s   string               calc-trail-isearch-forward
             t y                     4  calc-trail-yank
 
      d      t C   oz, nz               tzconv(d,oz,nz)
d oz nz      t C   $                    tzconv(d,oz,nz)
      d      t D                    15  date(d)
      d      t I                     4  incmonth(d,n)
      d      t J                    16  julian(d,z)
      d      t M                    17  newmonth(d,n)
             t N                    16  now(z)
      d      t P   1                31  year(d)
      d      t P   2                31  month(d)
      d      t P   3                31  day(d)
      d      t P   4                31  hour(d)
      d      t P   5                31  minute(d)
      d      t P   6                31  second(d)
      d      t P   7                31  weekday(d)
      d      t P   8                31  yearday(d)
      d      t P   9                31  time(d)
      d      t U                    16  unixtime(d,z)
      d      t W                    17  newweek(d,w)
      d      t Y                    17  newyear(d,n)
 
    a b      t +                     2  badd(a,b)
    a b      t -                     2  bsub(a,b)
 
             u a                    12  calc-autorange-units
      a      u b                        calc-base-units
      a      u c   units            18  calc-convert-units
   defn      u d   unit, descr          calc-define-unit
             u e                        calc-explain-units
             u g   unit                 calc-get-unit-definition
             u p                        calc-permanent-units
      a      u r                        calc-remove-units
      a      u s                        usimplify(a)
      a      u t   units            18  calc-convert-temperature
             u u   unit                 calc-undefine-unit
             u v                        calc-enter-units-table
      a      u x                        calc-extract-units
      a      u 0-9                      calc-quick-units
 
  v1 v2      u C                    20  vcov(v1,v2)
  v1 v2    I u C                    20  vpcov(v1,v2)
  v1 v2    H u C                    20  vcorr(v1,v2)
      v      u G                    19  vgmean(v)
    a b    H u G                     2  agmean(a,b)
      v      u M                    19  vmean(v)
      v    I u M                    19  vmeane(v)
      v    H u M                    19  vmedian(v)
      v  I H u M                    19  vhmean(v)
      v      u N                    19  vmin(v)
      v      u S                    19  vsdev(v)
      v    I u S                    19  vpsdev(v)
      v    H u S                    19  vvar(v)
      v  I H u S                    19  vpvar(v)
             u V                        calc-view-units-table
      v      u X                    19  vmax(v)
 
      v      u +                    19  vsum(v)
      v      u *                    19  vprod(v)
      v      u #                    19  vcount(v)
 
             V (                    50  calc-vector-parens
             V {                    50  calc-vector-braces
             V [                    50  calc-vector-brackets
             V ]   ROCP             50  calc-matrix-brackets
             V ,                    50  calc-vector-commas
             V <                    50  calc-matrix-left-justify
             V =                    50  calc-matrix-center-justify
             V >                    50  calc-matrix-right-justify
             V /                 12,50  calc-break-vectors
             V .                 12,50  calc-full-vectors
 
    s t      V ^                     2  vint(s,t)
    s t      V -                     2  vdiff(s,t)
      s      V ~                     1  vcompl(s)
      s      V #                     1  vcard(s)
      s      V :                     1  vspan(s)
      s      V +                     1  rdup(s)
 
      m      V &                     1  inv(m)  1/m
 
      v      v a   n                    arrange(v,n)
      a      v b   n                    cvec(a,n)
      v      v c   n >0          21,31  mcol(v,n)
      v      v c   n <0             31  mrcol(v,-n)
      m      v c   0                31  getdiag(m)
      v      v d                    25  diag(v,n)
    v m      v e                     2  vexp(v,m)
  v m f    H v e                     2  vexp(v,m,f)
    v a      v f                    26  find(v,a,n)
      v      v h                     1  head(v)
      v    I v h                     1  tail(v)
      v    H v h                     1  rhead(v)
      v  I H v h                     1  rtail(v)
             v i   n                31  idn(1,n)
             v i   0                31  idn(1)
    h t      v k                     2  cons(h,t)
    h t    H v k                     2  rcons(h,t)
      v      v l                     1  vlen(v)
      v    H v l                     1  mdims(v)
    v m      v m                     2  vmask(v,m)
      v      v n                     1  rnorm(v)
  a b c      v p                    24  calc-pack
      v      v r   n >0          21,31  mrow(v,n)
      v      v r   n <0             31  mrrow(v,-n)
      m      v r   0                31  getdiag(m)
  v i j      v s                        subvec(v,i,j)
  v i j    I v s                        rsubvec(v,i,j)
      m      v t                     1  trn(m)
      v      v u                    24  calc-unpack
      v      v v                     1  rev(v)
             v x   n                31  index(n)
  n s i  C-u v x                        index(n,s,i)
 
      v      V A   op               22  apply(op,v)
  v1 v2      V C                     2  cross(v1,v2)
      m      V D                     1  det(m)
      s      V E                     1  venum(s)
      s      V F                     1  vfloor(s)
      v      V G                        grade(v)
      v    I V G                        rgrade(v)
      v      V H   n                31  histogram(v,n)
    v w    H V H   n                31  histogram(v,w,n)
  v1 v2      V I   mop aop          22  inner(mop,aop,v1,v2)
      m      V J                     1  ctrn(m)
      m      V L                     1  lud(m)
      v      V M   op            22,23  map(op,v)
      v      V N                     1  cnorm(v)
  v1 v2      V O   op               22  outer(op,v1,v2)
      v      V R   op            22,23  reduce(op,v)
      v    I V R   op            22,23  rreduce(op,v)
    a n    H V R   op               22  nest(op,a,n)
      a  I H V R   op               22  fixp(op,a)
      v      V S                        sort(v)
      v    I V S                        rsort(v)
      m      V T                     1  tr(m)
      v      V U   op               22  accum(op,v)
      v    I V U   op               22  raccum(op,v)
    a n    H V U   op               22  anest(op,a,n)
      a  I H V U   op               22  afixp(op,a)
    s t      V V                     2  vunion(s,t)
    s t      V X                     2  vxor(s,t)
 
             Y                          user commands
 
             z                          user commands
 
      c      Z [                    45  calc-kbd-if
      c      Z |                    45  calc-kbd-else-if
             Z :                        calc-kbd-else
             Z ]                        calc-kbd-end-if
 
             Z {                     4  calc-kbd-loop
      c      Z /                    45  calc-kbd-break
             Z }                        calc-kbd-end-loop
      n      Z <                        calc-kbd-repeat
             Z >                        calc-kbd-end-repeat
    n m      Z (                        calc-kbd-for
      s      Z )                        calc-kbd-end-for
 
             Z C-g                      cancel if/loop command
 
             Z `                        calc-kbd-push
             Z '                        calc-kbd-pop
      a      Z =   message          28  calc-kbd-report
             Z #   prompt               calc-kbd-query
 
   comp      Z C   func, args       50  calc-user-define-composition
             Z D   key, command         calc-user-define
             Z E   key, editing     30  calc-user-define-edit
   defn      Z F   k, c, f, a, n    28  calc-user-define-formula
             Z G   key                  calc-get-user-defn
             Z I                        calc-user-define-invocation
             Z K   key, command         calc-user-define-kbd-macro
             Z P   key                  calc-user-define-permanent
             Z S                    30  calc-edit-user-syntax
             Z T                    12  calc-timing
             Z U   key                  calc-user-undefine

NOTES

  1. Positive prefix arguments apply to n stack entries. Negative prefix arguments apply to the -nth stack entry. A prefix of zero applies to the entire stack. (For LFD and M-DEL, the meaning of the sign is reversed.)
  2. Positive prefix arguments apply to n stack entries. Negative prefix arguments apply to the top stack entry and the next -n stack entries.
  3. Positive prefix arguments rotate top n stack entries by one. Negative prefix arguments rotate the entire stack by -n. A prefix of zero reverses the entire stack.
  4. Prefix argument specifies a repeat count or distance.
  5. Positive prefix arguments specify a precision p. Negative prefix arguments reduce the current precision by -p.
  6. A prefix argument is interpreted as an additional step-size parameter. A plain C-u prefix means to prompt for the step size.
  7. A prefix argument specifies simplification level and depth. 1=Default, 2=like a s, 3=like a e.
  8. A negative prefix operates only on the top level of the input formula.
  9. Positive prefix arguments specify a word size of w bits, unsigned. Negative prefix arguments specify a word size of w bits, signed.
  10. Prefix arguments specify the shift amount n. The w argument cannot be specified in the keyboard version of this command.
  11. From the keyboard, d is omitted and defaults to zero.
  12. Mode is toggled; a positive prefix always sets the mode, and a negative prefix always clears the mode.
  13. Some prefix argument values provide special variations of the mode.
  14. A prefix argument, if any, is used for m instead of taking m from the stack. M may take any of these values: {@advance@tableindent10pt
    Integer
    Random integer in the interval [0 .. m).
    Float
    Random floating-point number in the interval [0 .. m).
    0.0
    Gaussian with mean 1 and standard deviation 0.
    Error form
    Gaussian with specified mean and standard deviation.
    Interval
    Random integer or floating-point number in that interval.
    Vector
    Random element from the vector.
    }
  15. A prefix argument from 1 to 6 specifies number of date components to remove from the stack. See section Date Conversions.
  16. A prefix argument specifies a time zone; C-u says to take the time zone number or name from the top of the stack. See section Time Zones.
  17. A prefix argument specifies a day number (0-6, 0-31, or 0-366).
  18. If the input has no units, you will be prompted for both the old and the new units.
  19. With a prefix argument, collect that many stack entries to form the input data set. Each entry may be a single value or a vector of values.
  20. With a prefix argument of 1, take a single @c{$N\times2$} Nx2 matrix from the stack instead of two separate data vectors.
  21. The row or column number n may be given as a numeric prefix argument instead. A plain C-u prefix says to take n from the top of the stack. If n is a vector or interval, a subvector/submatrix of the input is created.
  22. The op prompt can be answered with the key sequence for the desired function, or with x or z followed by a function name, or with $ to take a formula from the top of the stack, or with ' and a typed formula. In the last two cases, the formula may be a nameless function like `<#1+#2>' or `<x, y : x+y>', or it may include $, $$, etc. (where $ will correspond to the last argument of the created function), or otherwise you will be prompted for an argument list. The number of vectors popped from the stack by V M depends on the number of arguments of the function.
  23. One of the mapping direction keys _ (horizontal, i.e., map by rows or reduce across), : (vertical, i.e., map by columns or reduce down), or = (map or reduce by rows) may be used before entering op; these modify the function name by adding the letter r for "rows," c for "columns," a for "across," or d for "down."
  24. The prefix argument specifies a packing mode. A nonnegative mode is the number of items (for v p) or the number of levels (for v u). A negative mode is as described below. With no prefix argument, the mode is taken from the top of the stack and may be an integer or a vector of integers. {@advance@tableindent-20pt
    -1
    (2) Rectangular complex number.
    -2
    (2) Polar complex number.
    -3
    (3) HMS form.
    -4
    (2) Error form.
    -5
    (2) Modulo form.
    -6
    (2) Closed interval.
    -7
    (2) Closed .. open interval.
    -8
    (2) Open .. closed interval.
    -9
    (2) Open interval.
    -10
    (2) Fraction.
    -11
    (2) Float with integer mantissa.
    -12
    (2) Float with mantissa in [1 .. 10).
    -13
    (1) Date form (using date numbers).
    -14
    (3) Date form (using year, month, day).
    -15
    (6) Date form (using year, month, day, hour, minute, second).
    }
  25. A prefix argument specifies the size n of the matrix. With no prefix argument, n is omitted and the size is inferred from the input vector.
  26. The prefix argument specifies the starting position n (default 1).
  27. Cursor position within stack buffer affects this command.
  28. Arguments are not actually removed from the stack by this command.
  29. Variable name may be a single digit or a full name.
  30. Editing occurs in a separate buffer. Press M-# M-# (or C-c C-c, LFD, or in some cases RET) to finish the edit, or press M-# x to cancel the edit. The LFD key prevents evaluation of the result of the edit.
  31. The number prompted for can also be provided as a prefix argument.
  32. Press this key a second time to cancel the prefix.
  33. With a negative prefix, deactivate all formulas. With a positive prefix, deactivate and then reactivate from scratch.
  34. Default is to scan for nearest formula delimiter symbols. With a prefix of zero, formula is delimited by mark and point. With a non-zero prefix, formula is delimited by scanning forward or backward by that many lines.
  35. Parse the region between point and mark as a vector. A nonzero prefix parses n lines before or after point as a vector. A zero prefix parses the current line as a vector. A C-u prefix parses the region between point and mark as a single formula.
  36. Parse the rectangle defined by point and mark as a matrix. A positive prefix n divides the rectangle into columns of width n. A zero or C-u prefix parses each line as one formula. A negative prefix suppresses special treatment of bracketed portions of a line.
  37. A numeric prefix causes the current language mode to be ignored.
  38. Responding to a prompt with a blank line answers that and all later prompts by popping additional stack entries.
  39. Answer for v may also be of the form v = v_0 or v - v_0.
  40. With a positive prefix argument, stack contains many y's and one common x. With a zero prefix, stack contains a vector of ys and a common x. With a negative prefix, stack contains many [x,y] vectors. (For 3D plots, substitute z for y and x,y for x.)
  41. With any prefix argument, all curves in the graph are deleted.
  42. With a positive prefix, refines an existing plot with more data points. With a negative prefix, forces recomputation of the plot data.
  43. With any prefix argument, set the default value instead of the value for this graph.
  44. With a negative prefix argument, set the value for the printer.
  45. Condition is considered "true" if it is a nonzero real or complex number, or a formula whose value is known to be nonzero; it is "false" otherwise.
  46. Several formulas separated by commas are pushed as multiple stack entries. Trailing ), ], }, >, and " delimiters may be omitted. The notation $$$ refers to the value in stack level three, and causes the formula to replace the top three stack levels. The notation $3 refers to stack level three without causing that value to be removed from the stack. Use LFD in place of RET to prevent evaluation; use M-= in place of RET to evaluate variables.
  47. The variable is replaced by the formula shown on the right. The Inverse flag reverses the order of the operands, e.g., I s - x assigns @c{$x \coloneq a-x$} x := a-x.
  48. Press ? repeatedly to see how to choose a model. Answer the variables prompt with iv or iv;pv to specify independent and parameter variables. A positive prefix argument takes N+1 vectors from the stack; a zero prefix takes a matrix and a vector from the stack.
  49. With a plain C-u prefix, replace the current region of the destination buffer with the yanked text instead of inserting.
  50. All stack entries are reformatted; the H prefix inhibits this. The I prefix sets the mode temporarily, redraws the top stack entry, then restores the original setting of the mode.
  51. A negative prefix sets the default 3D resolution instead of the default 2D resolution.
  52. This grabs a vector of the form [prec, wsize, ssize, radix, flfmt, ang, frac, symb, polar, matrix, simp, inf]. A prefix argument from 1 to 12 grabs the nth mode value only.

(Space is provided below for you to keep your own written notes.) @endgroup


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